Malaria

Malaria is a zoonotic disease (diseases spread from animals to people) caused by a blood parasite (Plasmodium species). Malaria is common in tropical or subtropical areas of Asia, Africa, Central and South America. In Canada, malaria is found in persons who have travelled to areas of the world where this disease is present. 

Malaria is diagnosed by symptoms, history of exposure and laboratory testing.  

The length of time between the infected mosquito bite and the development of symptoms depends on the type of Plasmodium species involved and can range from seven to 30 days. Symptoms include fever, chills, sweats and headache and in some instances can progress to serious illness including jaundice, blood coagulation defects, shock, kidney or liver failure, central nervous disorders and coma.

Malaria is usually transmitted to a person by the bite of an infected female mosquito. A mosquito becomes infected by biting a person with malaria. Malaria may also be transmitted by transfusion of blood from infected persons or by the use of contaminated needles or syringes. Congenital malaria (from infected mother to fetus during pregnancy) in newborns has been reported. 

People living or travelling in areas of the world where malaria is present may become infected.

Medications can be used to treat malaria.

Health-care providers and laboratories must report cases of malaria to Public Health. Public Health staff may interview the health-care provider and patient (or caregivers) to find out how the infection occurred, identify other people at risk of infection, implement control measures and provide other advice. 

Before you travel, seek advice from your family doctor at least one month before your departure. Take anti-malarial medication for the entire time while in a malaria risk area and for four weeks afterward. 

To prevent mosquito bites: 

• use an insect repellent containing DEET
• wear light-coloured clothing and long sleeves, pants and socks
• sleep in places with screened windows
• use mosquito netting containing insect repellent
• tuck mosquito netting under mattresses before nightfall

For additional information, contact your health-care provider, local Public Health office or Tele-Care 811.